The cosmological theory of the Universe Ciambellone "Bundt Cake"

Di Marco Galli

Also this time I came back to talk about g-astronomy in a post, as in my previous post:

Where I count apples.

I also know that this topic "especially in Italy" is not very popular and popular, generally people prefer to be interested in simpler multi-dimensional objects, such as an internally hollow sphere rolling on the grass of a playing field. If not even, only what happens in 2-dimensions on a television display, but I'm a bit of a masochist, I do it mainly for myself, to complicate my life and keep my gray matter moving.

I wanted to make a bit of irony about theoretical astro-physicists fixated only on the Big Bang and dark matter, which by the way is the least plausible theory and creates more questions than it solves:

  • What was there before the Big Bang? God? So is it a creationist theory?
  • I understand the Christians who immediately became passionate and climbed on the back of the horse of Big-Beng-nism to defend it, but where do we put the discourse of arising in dependence on all phenomena?
  • Then there is the problem of dark energy to demonstrate continuous expansion, or at the limit of antigravity how it works in the vacuum of cosmic space, what does it cling to to drag matter towards greater expansion?

Although I can consider myself only an amateur g-astro-physicist, but I believe instead this theory is a serious thing  , apart from the joke of the ciambellone a big donut, a theory quite simple to understand and that does not need to consider either Big Bang or dark matter or dark energy to work.

This theory of the Torus Universe "toroidal just like the doughnut" is a middle ground between the theory of the Steady State, an infinitistic theory, where the universe remains stationary and is infinite, in continuous creation and destruction, and the Cyclic Models of the universe.

That is, theories in which the universe cyclically expands, contracts again and this happens cyclically, such as Roger Penrose's model of conformal cyclic cosmology.


This model also has similarities with the one I present and is extremely more plausible than the usual Big Bang theory. Which imagines the continuous expansion until the total cooling and end of the universe, so the Big Bang theory is certainly good for nihilists as well.

That is, a theory that is good for Christian believers, creationists and even nihilistic atheists, just a theory for all seasons.

Instead this theory of conforming cyclic cosmology, like that of the torus universe that I propose here, propose a universe that derives from its specific causes, the continuum of the previous universe, can both be linked to the ancient Indian, Hindu, and Buddhist theory of the universe in continuous cycles of kalpas "cosmic eons" of formation, stabilization, destruction, and vacuum. 

It must also be said that the Indians were the first to use the concept of infinity, as that of an "infinite" arising in dependence of all Pratītyasamutpāda phenomena on causes and conditions, connected in turn to the principle of Śūnyatā emptiness, in which all phenomena existing only in dependence from their specific causes and conditions, they are void of intrinsic existence, which has also recently been confirmed by quantum physics.

So even a universe that arises by itself, and ends in total annihilation is inconceivable, nor can it be considered logical to waste further time on it.

The cyclic model of the Buddhist universe, which I believe is taken from the text Abhidharmakośa-bhāsya by Master Vasubandhu, but probably derives from older theories, from earlier Hindu texts.

This theory speaks of 4 moments of 20 cosmic kalpas each, for a total of 80 kalpas, 20kp in which the formation of the universe takes place, 20kp of stabilization, 20kp of destruction and 20kp of vacuum, so, again, everything starts all over again.

For my part, I am more attracted by the theory of the torus universe, where one must imagine a toroidal universe , which destroys and renews itself in its own revolution, wrapping itself endlessly around itself, but also similar to a flattened onion "borettana onion" or even to a grandmother's bundt cake to stay on the culinary and g-astronomical theme.

This torus would have a huge "Super White Hole" at the center of the torus that would take the place of the Big Bang of the most famous theory, but in this case it would be constantly and infinitely active, always emitting matter in the form of very simple particles, mainly hydrogen atoms, but also light, gamma rays and neutrinos.

Black Hole and Its White Hole in a Galaxy

Practically the White Hole would be the opposite of a Black Hole, that is, while matter and even light falls and is absorbed by the Black Hole, the White Hole emits a large amount of light, matter and neutrinos, as if it came from nothing, instead, clearly,  it derives directly from the entrance door that of its opposite, il Black Hole.

W.B. = White Hole

S.W.H = Super White Hole

B.H. = Black Hole

S.B.H = Super Black Hole

This matter, which would be expelled from the S.W.H at the upper pole of the torus, would flow over the surface and between the layers of the universe like an onion, until it returns to the S.B.H, at the lower pole of the torus, as in a circular treadmill in which matter is always renewed by the enormous singularity placed at the center of the toroidal universe.

So the universe, like the number of galaxies within it, should also be infinite, in continuous formation and mutual destruction.

Like a continuous ribbon that winds itself uninterruptedly around itself but circular and spheroidal, renewing itself continuously and endlessly.

In this way, there is no longer a need to bring up the Big Bang, dark matter or energy, and dark antimatter for cyclical models of the universe based on expansion and subsequent contraction  of the universe.

What needs to be explained, however, is that this huge Universal Gravitational Super Singularity located at the exact center of the torus, would have such a powerful gravity that it would bend light, space, time and even deflect neutrinos.

Neutrinos that have a minimal mass, but still have a mass and would still have to suffer the effects of gravity, the flux of neutrinos, which move at a very high speed and close to that of light, would be bent or even made more disturbed "more wavelike" when this wind flows close to the inner layers of the torus, those who suffer the most from the severity of the S.U.G.S and the chaos that is produced within it when matter is transformed and which I will explain better how later.

Can a large force of gravity, such as a singularity, deflect neutrinos? Brave Search AI

"Gravità e neutrini  "Gravity and neutrinos

Yes, a large force of gravity, such as that present in a singularity, can deflect neutrinos. Neutrinos, despite having an extremely small mass, are subject to gravitational interaction, like all particles that possess mass The gravitational force acts between two objects based on the product of their masses and the distance between them, even if at the level of elementary particles the intensity of this force is extremely weak compared to the other fundamental interactions However, In the presence of extremely strong gravitational fields, such as those generated by black holes or singularities, the deviation of the trajectory of particles, including neutrinos, can be significant. This phenomenon is predicted by general relativity, which describes gravity as a curvature of spacetime, and applies to all forms of energy and mass, including neutrinos. Although the gravitational interaction of neutrinos is negligible under normal conditions, their trajectory can be influenced by the curvature of spacetime in the vicinity of massive objects."

S.U.G.S = Super Universal Gravitational Singularity

Perhaps the fact that we perceive the universe as tendentially linear and with a single direction, as happens in all the most common theories, depends on the fact that this enormous S.U.G.S  would bend light and time by stretching it and moreover we are able to observe only a small part of the entire universe, as if our vision reached its maximum horizon:

Even traveling around the earth "on its surface" we cannot clearly perceive the curvature of the earth, moreover we are limited by the horizon line, but if we observe from a higher vantage point or in orbit, this curvature is more and more evident, the further we move away from the surface.

Moreover, in this way of imagining the universe as geometrically curved and continuous, it would even explain the large amount of matter that is missing without having to bring up dark matter.

The shape of the Torus universe

Torus Universe Section with "Layered" Layers

The "obscure" appearance

Taken from Google's AI to the question asked: "Does the universe as it expands, does matter slow down?"

"Yes, as the universe expands, matter tends to slow down, but the expansion itself is accelerating. This phenomenon is due to the presence of dark matter and dark energy, which affect gravity and cosmic expansion."

In fact, matter like dark energy has nothing to do with a beloved ass.....

If we imagine dissecting a sector of this torus, as if we cut a slice of a bundt cake "in the part of space where we now find ourselves" and if we flattened it into a sort of  2-dimensional planisphere, this would appear as the shape of an eye, where the narrowest part would correspond to one of the two poles with the Super Black Hole, and Super White Hole, while the widest part at the point of maximum expansion of the universe.

So, looking from our point of view, in addition to being slowing down, it would appear to us to be constantly expanding, as in the triangle below on the right.

The image above is clearly only illustrative, it is not to scale and not even beautiful or precise, the same thing also applies to the other images that serve only as an outline to illustrate a principle in the simplest way possible.

Furthermore, by joining these eyes in a cyclical and continuous way, we would have a cyclical model similar to that of conformal cyclic cosmology and that also conforms with the Hindu-Buddhist cosmological vision, but without necessarily having to flatten the rest of the universe in an almost anthropocentric way and define it as linear, or imagine time as if it existed intrinsically or as if it were a straight track of which we do not know the origin or if there is a and from which it is not  possible to derail.

Even the problem of entropy would be solved by matter that continuously re-enters the cycle through the S.B.H, so it would behave like a huge nuclear reactor by self-powering:

That is, the matter that flows on this torus-shaped treadmill ribbon, would cross the entire external semi-circumference of the torus, from the S.W.H, until it re-enters the S.B.H on the opposite, in the meantime the matter would expand up to the point of maximum enlargement of the torus in entropy, expanding with a disorder of particles, reducing itself as a temperature, mass and energy.

And then it begins to compress again into the "hemisphere" opposite to ours, transforming the entropy of matter into syntropy.

Entropy vs Syntropy

Syntropy:

Quantity indicating the tendency of a system of bodies to reach the maximum configuration of order and at the same time the maximum differentiation, which, according to a theory proposed by the mathematician Luigi Fantappiè (1901-1956), should manifest itself in biological phenomena, as opposed to the tendency towards disorder and uniformity evident in physical phenomena, which is represented by means of entropy.

Syntropy for us is an almost inconceivable concept, not belonging to our current plan of the universe, not being part of the conditions that allow our life and our evolution.

Imagining it could be compared to a Benjamin Button universe where beings would be born larger, and more fluid, while "aging", they would turn into smaller and more massive.

Moreover, even the chaos of the change of state from entropic to syntropic "although very limited due to the rarefied state of matter at the point of maximum expansion", should eventually lead to a state of increasing order in matter, while it re-compacts, but an order that does not allow the existence of life, at least as we imagine it.

But in fact at this point in the "life" of the universe the cycle of slow destruction should begin "yellow-gold zone in the upper design", even if "speaking in metaphysical terms" many of the living beings, at the moment of maximum expansion, should have already evolved into less gross forms of life, this according to the Indo-Buddhist vision, as high Devas of the realm of Desire, Form and Form-Less.

Perhaps in some giant planets, mainly liquid-gaseous, they could host animal life forms similar to large jellyfish or gelatinous salpid , this kind of beings could easily adapt to the change from anthropic to syntropic, becoming more and more solid and / or compact, until they are forced to move to the bottom of the ocean to survive. 

However, it is very difficult, if not impossible, to imagine such a situation from our point of view, and in any case, always according to the Indo-Buddhist vision, even the levels closest to the singularity, which in this case we can associate with Yama "the Lord or the deity of death", would continue to function, the so-called Narak or naraka, a parallel of our hells.

Hypothesis:

We can even hypothesize that antimatter is matter or particles that have passed into the state of syntropy, and cannot withstand the order and charge of atoms and particles established in the state of entropy, but not directly and very slowly, over a very long time.

Luigi Fantappiè in his book "Principles of a unitary theory of the physical and biological world", in the third chapter investigates the syntropic phenomena of the Universe, considering the hypothesis of a finality. He also considers cosmic radiation, positrons and negative protons among the syntropic phenomena.

So we can also imagine that subsequently, a change from syntropic to entropic occurs again, but this time in a magnetically extremely compressed space, such as inside the S.U.G.S singularity, you create the necessary energy, transforming antimatter into matter and to make the entire universe work, but I don't think really annihilating it or at least not all of it completely.

Then the matter would come out in the form of simple particles from the S.W.H, further on and very gradually the first stars and galaxies would be created, they would stabilize making life possible again.

The whole cycle of the toroidal universe of stabilization "green zone of the underlying design", expanding, would reach the point of maximum development of the torus, to-return again to compress itself into syntropy, re-compacting and "regaining order, mass and energy".

These particles that would again compress, re-aggregate and recharge themselves with new energy, would travel until they re-enter the S.B.H but this time as very energetic matter, heavy and unstable atoms, providing energy to the entire system with the splitting of atoms of very energetic and complex syntropic matter.

Until it is broken down and transformed into particles, a kind of hydrogen, within the singularity "hence the agitation I had previously mentioned and which would also excite the neutrino wind", finally ejected again from the S.W.H.

Furthermore, it must also be said that these 4 cycles "vacuum, creation, stabilization and destruction", are present simultaneously in the space-time continuum of the toroidal universe, so in practice, past, present and future coexist, even creation and destruction at the same time.

The inconstancy of time

Now I have to explain the fact of bent time, in reality if the flow of matter in the torus behaved as in a treadmill its speed should be constant at every point of the tape, but in reality it is not so, indeed it is so but to us it seems not to be.

The S.U.G.S singularity at the center of the torus, which as I said exerts enormous gravity, bends both space and time, as if compressing and expanding it like rubber, so the closer we get to the singularity the more time should seem to slow down, while moving away accelerated.

Gravitational time dilation

Time dilation

"Time dilation is a phenomenon predicted by Einstein's theory of relativity, which states that time is not absolute, but depends on the observer's frame of reference. In practice, time flows differently for two observers moving at different relative speeds or in different gravitational fields."

On the other hand, looking from our "intermediate" point of view between S.W.H, "what we now consider the Big Bang" and the point of the apogee of the torus where the universe would expand the most, we will have the impression that on the side of the S.W.H everything happens very quickly, as in the image we have assimilated of a rapid explosion, what we call the Big Bang and which seems to have happened extremely quickly.

While in the other part, that of the universe in greater expansion, everything seems to be slowing down, it seems to be getting colder and colder , and everything seems to be happening more slowly, despite the expansion in the universe continuing to increase.

In reality it should be the opposite or at least relative to where we were at the time of the survey, that is, if we materially approached the S.B.H or the S.W.H, everything would appear to us to happen very slowly, indeed within the gravitational singularity time would seem to almost completely stop, a minute would last thousands of our current years and even entering it "I hypothesize" The temperature should appear not much higher than that of the rest of the universe.

While if we were physically on the side of maximum expansion, at the outermost point of the torus, time would seem to have accelerated compared to now, matter would move faster and probably even the temperature would be higher than expected.

In a universe similar to the one I am illustrating, in which there is a gravitational singularity S.U.G.S, so enormous and powerful that it bends all the matter of the universe on itself, even the speed of light should not be considered a valid constant, because even the perception of time would be "bent" and distorted in turn, that is, light would always travel at the same speed, constantly, but we will calculate the speed of light based on and relative to our way of perceiving time.

Question to Google AI:

AI Overview:

"Yes, a gravitational singularity, such as the one at the center of a black hole, can distort the perception of space-time. Einstein's general relativity describes gravity as a curvature of spacetime caused by the presence of mass and energy. The more concentrated the mass, the greater the curvature and, consequently, the greater the distortion of space-time.

Effects:

Time dilation: Proximity to a large mass slows down time. In the vicinity of a singularity, time may slow to a halt for an outside observer.  

Space distortion: Space itself can be distorted in such a way that distances that seem normal in other regions of space can become enormous or infinitesimal."

That is, we calculate how far light travels in years/minutes/light-seconds of "our" time, therefore using a perception of time relative to what we perceive and with respect to where we are, without considering the fact that we ourselves are in motion.

In a toroidal universe like the one I am describing, and as I have already said, the perception of time, as well as the relative speed of light, would vary greatly as we approach or move away from the enormous S.U.G.S singularity .

Furthermore, if we were right next to the S.U.G.S singularity or the S.n.B.H, the light would be moving much more slowly "but only if we could always observe it with the same yardstick that we use here where we are now", while moving away from the S.U.G.S, "always using the same yardstick and this was not just relative", it would appear to travel faster and faster than now.

But even our clocks would naturally adapt to the change in perception of time and would slow down bringing us closer to the singularity, they would accelerate by moving us away, the same thing would also happen to ourselves, to our perception of time, so a "neutral and impartial" measurement of time for us is something absolutely impossible to obtain and detect.

But we also know that the speed of light is constant, even if for us in such a universe, it would be impossible to give an exact, universal and non-relative value of this speed, lacking a valid non-relative unit of measurement to which to relate it.

It would take an external observer and not subject to the gravity of the torus, similarly to observing the rotation of the earth directly to, it is necessary to be in orbit in space.

Even when we observe an object very far from us with a telescope, we observe its light emitted in a very distant time, many light-years ago and calculate its distance based on "our" light-years:

But if the object were to be in or near the S.U.G.S singularity , where the gravitational time dilation is smaller, then we would also have to calculate the different perception of light-years, with respect to the place where the light was emitted, and this is practically impossible to consider and we would be greatly deceived about real time and distances.

That is, the closer the object is to the S.U.G.S singularity , the faster it will appear to us, due to our different perception of time compared to the relative speed of light of where the distant object is, moreover space will appear flattened and the shorter distances the farther away the objects are.

And seen from our position, even what we consider the explosion of the Big Bang would appear to have occurred in an extremely rapid time.

Just as the way in which matter falls into a normal black hole at the center of a galaxy also appears extremely rapid, due to the great gravity and minimal gravitational time delay created by the gravitational singularity and our different perception of the relative speed of light.

AI Overview:

Yes, matter falls extremely quickly towards a black hole due to intense gravity, but it is not destroyed, but instead accumulates around the event horizon, often forming an accretion disk, before crossing the singularity and being lost to an outside observer.

OK, matter falls extremely quickly into a black hole, but could direct perception due to time distortion be the opposite?

AI Overview:

Yes, the perception of the fall of matter in a black hole would be opposite due to time distortion: for an external observer, time would spread more and more as the object approaches the event horizon, slowing down until it "freezes" on the horizon, while for the falling object time would pass normally, crossing the horizon in a finite time and then reaching the singularity.

Brave Search AI

Time and black holes:

Matter approaching a black hole is subject to extreme gravitational forces that cause significant distortion of spacetime, particularly gravitational time dilation.

From an outside observer's point of view, the time for an object falling towards the black hole appears to slow down progressively; The object appears to be approaching the event horizon but takes an infinite amount of time to reach it, while its image undergoes a gravitational red-shift, moving to longer wavelengths until it becomes imperceptible.

This effect makes the event appear to be very slow for the remote observer.

On the last part I do not agree, in fact I believe quite the opposite, unless, by remote observer, we mean in that remote place.

Whereas if we consider that this event would have occurred very nearby to the S.W.H, this "explosion" would have taken infinitely longer than it appears to us distant observers, to produce that illusory image of the rapid explosion that we detect now, even if we cannot do it directly with optical telescopes.

Image of the expansion of the universe according to the Big Bang theory

Now I'll give you an example that's even easier to understand:

Let's imagine taking an elastic cord, very elastic and never breaking, about 28 meters long, to fix it not stretched to a very solid point and at the opposite end put a handle to pull it.

We draw signs on this still released rope, one every 2 meters to represent billions of years, while the last stretch we mark as if it were a measuring tape, indicating the sections of hundreds of millions, tens of millions and millions of years.

So we call a team of rope pullers, judges with stakes and we start pulling the elastic.

First we pull the rope from the end, stretching it by one meter and we have it fixed to the first peg planted on the ground at the first mark, in 13th place, 2 meters near the fixed point and in this case the first marked section of rope will have lengthened by only a few millimeters.

Then we make it pull another 2 meters by fixing it to a second peg at the mark that corresponds to the 12th billion years passed and the rope in that stretch will have lengthened by a few centimeters, then we pull it another 4 meters and fix it to the umpteenth peg in 11th place.

And so on, 8 meters a stake 10 billion years, 16 meters another stake, 32 meters, then 64 meters, 128 meters, 256 meters, 512 meters 4 billion years, 1024 meters 3 billion years, 2560 meters 2 billion years, and finally for the last stretch we pull it for half of 5120 meters and fix it to a stake on the sign of 500 million years, then we fix it in another 5 stretches of the next 100 million years, pulling another 256 meters at a time.

Now we have to imagine that the initial rope released, approximately 28 meters long, is "not only" the meter of now to measure the distance in light-years between the so-called Big Bang and the place where we are now, but also the time that has been estimated for the age of the universe "if these light-years were static,  real and not relative as I have already explained".

While the pulled rope were the distance in relative light-years, again as I explained earlier and considering the principle that the closer we get to the S.U.G.S singularity, the more time tends to slow down like the elastic that tends to stretch, just as I illustrated in the example.

I exaggerated a bit with pulling the rope, I doubled the stretch each time just to make you better understand the principle, but even if instead of using meters I had used only decimeters, from the initial 28 meters the rope would still have become 1461.6 meters long and the last stretch, that of the formation of the universe and especially those few centimeters of the Big Bang, they would have turned into the longest ever, as a whole.

However, when we observe celestial bodies with a telescope, we observe light-years as if they were non-relative, we perceive them with our established standard, now considered infallible and unassailable of 299,792,458 meters per second.

To us it will seem that only 13.7 billion years have passed, but "clearly, only hypothetically", even if I had added only decimeters to my calculation and doubled them at each sign "as in the example I have given", I have obtained the sum of 250.5 billion in one case, of years of 715.14 billion in another way "in any case all absolutely hypothetical calculations" since our current matter could have left the S.W.H to date, in the hypothesized toroidal universe.

As I said, this is only a presumed calculation, since, even if by hypothesis, it became certain, or even if the fact that the universe was toroidal were taken into consideration, we will never be able to know its real circumference, its shape, its total development, therefore also measurements such as the speed of light, actual and not relative, nor the point of maximum expansion, would all be unknown and exclusively hypothetical parameters.

In a universe of linear space-time as in the most usual theories, the speed of light in a vacuum is set at 299,792,458 meters per second and I absolutely do not say that it is the speed of light that varies, indeed I consider this a certain constant, but in a universe closed around an enormous gravitational singularity, even cyclical and in continuous motion, with a considerable variation and dilation of time: This relationship between the speed of light and time relative to the observer and the place of observation is no longer an established constant if it suffers the effect of a space-time relationship distorted by time dilation, especially if we approach the Universal Gravitational Super Singularity "clearly if it existed", otherwise we will not be talking about theories but about certainties.

Brave Search's : Lightspeed and AI Singularity

"According to the theory of general relativity, as you get closer to a singularity, such as the one inside a black hole, space-time deforms in an extreme way, causing time to slow down for an outside observer This phenomenon is known as gravitational time dilation For a distant observer, an object falling towards a black hole appears to slow down more and more, Taking a seemingly infinite amount of time to reach the event horizon In this context, the physical processes of the falling object, including the light emitted, also appear to slow down The light itself, due to the gravitational red-shift, moves to longer wavelengths (towards the infrared and beyond), becoming fainter and eventually imperceptible.

However, it is important to emphasize that the speed of light in a vacuum remains constant in every frame of reference, even in the presence of strong gravitational fields. The observed slowdown is not due to a decrease in the speed of light, but to the distortion of space-time that affects the measurement of time and light by an external observer"

If objects approaching a singularity seem to slow down and the light itself, due to the gravitational red-shift, moves towards longer wavelengths (towards the infrared).

Whereas when the Sachs-Wolfe effect occurs, a blueshift of the cosmic microwave background radiation (shorter waves), in which matter seems to continue to expand faster and faster, could depend on the greater gravitational temporal dilation, caused by moving away from the S.U.G.S, by approaching the point of maximum expansion of the torus universe, as has already been explained, and not by dark energy.

Even the apparent greater dilation between galaxies, in the expanding universe, can be explained by the inverse space-time distortion, compared to the universe in the direction of the S.U.G.S, where the universe would be more flattened and the galaxies much closer to each other due to the different relative speed of light and the inherent distorted perception.

Google AI Overview

Yes, the universe is expanding faster and faster, despite the fact that matter, due to gravity, tends to slow down the expansion. This phenomenon was discovered in 1998 and led to the hypothesis of the existence of dark energy, which would have different gravitational properties and would cause galaxies to move away faster and faster.

Brave Search AI

The universe is expanding faster and faster, although the gravity of matter tends to slow down this expansion.

This phenomenon, known as accelerated expansion, was discovered in 1998 by observing Type Ia supernovae and led to the prediction of the existence of dark energy, a form of negative pressure energy that permeates space and prevails over gravity.

Needless to say, I absolutely disagree with this conclusion and believe that the universe expands naturally due to the approach of matter closer and closer to the point of maximum expansion of the torus. 

Furthermore, even the further the object moves away in time from the gravity of the S.U.G.S, the more it will seem to slow down, as also happens for an object that will move away from us towards the point of maximum expansion of the torus, its speed will seem to slow down, while as I have already explained, on the side of the object we are observing, the opposite will be happening and seen from the remote observation point it will be accelerating due to gravitational time dilation, although it will be impossible to perceive it locally.

And I can't give you an example like the previous one, because we would like a syntropic elastic cord that the more it would be pulled, it would more be shorter "I joke!".

As I already said, the only way to perceive it directly would be from an external point and outside the gravitational effects of the torus universe.

Probably, in millions of years, our current position in the universe will also have moved towards the point of maximum expansion of the universe, so the speed of light will hypothetically be established by us as greater, even if only slightly, than what we currently perceive, even if we would not notice it at all.

So even if the apparent perceived velocity would seem to increase away from the S.U.G.S and our perception of the movement of the stars would be distorted in reverse, due to the way we perceive time to move differently from that of light.

In this way we tend to perceive space as if it were linear, in three dimensions, having in mind a speed of light that is always constant and based on the distorted reality that we consider real from our infinitesimal, disadvantaged and erroneous point of observation.

That is, we perceive space-time as if it were linear and constant, as a track that is always straight or at most slightly curved, on which our vision of the universe in three dimensions flows, why?

For us it is much easier to think of it this way, but instead time could be like the circuit of a toy train, rotating continuously in a closed circle, without end and without beginning and in 4 dimensions, 4th dimension understood as time.

Imagining it on 2-3 dimensions is also quite simple, but if we are dealing with non-Euclidean geometry and multiple dimensions, imagining or hypothesizing the relative temporal change, understanding this principle from our limited position, becomes extremely difficult and perhaps almost impossible to understand and accept.

From Syntropy to new Entropy

However, we must consider, in the principle of the treadmill at the base of the functioning of the torus universe, for so much matter enters the S.B.H., as much must come out, even if this comes out in the form of dust and very simple atoms, mainly hydrogen atoms, but again from syntropy to entropy, therefore also very charged with entropic energy and very disordered.

The other problem I have already talked about is that the speed of the treadmill should be constant everywhere, especially if it were seen by a distant observer, as if he were in a neutral orbit above the imagined toroidal universe.

Thus, as I have already said, the changes in speed that we observe from our point of view, which make us flatten our view of the universe on three dimensions, are dictated by an erroneous and distorted view of reality, caused by the limitations we have in considering the time dimension from our place of observation, as always as relative to the observer and where he is in the fourth-dimensional universe.

So, given the infinite and continuous activity of emission of matter from what was previously considered the Big Bang and which "as I have demonstrated theoretically" it could be quite another thing.

So even our universe could be extremely larger, complex than we think, indeed infinite, in continuous and constant revolution on itself, in continuous evolution, creation, destruction and renewal.

All this creates numerous controversies, other questions and leads to other hypotheses:

  • So in a universe imagined in this way and where even the way of perceiving the speed of light would no longer be an established constant, it would vary greatly depending on the direction or distance of our observation due to our perception of time. Would this cast doubt on the correctness of all the observations regarding distance, speed, temperature, etc., of all the celestial bodies observed by us in the past, even those that we will observe in the future and as well as the entire conformation of the universe that seemed to be now clear?
  • What would be the speed to be considered as a constant in the movement of matter on the surface of the torus, if it behaved like a treadmill? Our perceived locally? That of the point of maximum expansion? Or the one within the singularity?

Probably the intermediate point between minimum and maximum expansion should be considered, only if it were possible to know it and this is not humanly possible.
Then we will have to deal with complex geometry and non-Euclidean mathematics on more than three directions, but not knowing the real size or even the real shape of the torus, or if it is really a torus and in such a calculation it would not even be possible to hypothesize the relative variation of the speed of light

  • How would stars look, at their point of maximum expansion, observing them from our position, knowing that to us they appear much cooler than they really are, time appears slowed down to us and if they were mainly red giants due to the natural expansion of the universe?
  • If the hypothesis of extreme distortion of space-time were true, would the universe also be much less crowded with galaxies, which would actually be much sparser and more distant from each other due to the flattening of the depth of space-time?

We will also have to consider that in similar space, not conformed to a linear and three-dimensional flow of space-time, there could be many universes similar to ours, in every direction.

Not only in a linear course of time, as imagined in the Big Bang theory or in other similar theories, perhaps as many as there are galaxies in our universe, therefore infinite universes.

The torus shape, like any other hypothesized shape for the universe, also works well, if imagined within our normal conception of space in three dimensions, only because we do not also consider the time dimension in a relative way:

Considering it, this form may be very different from how we imagine it now, but our vision is so limited and only of some illusory linearity.


Another section of the torus, but with Indo-Buddhist metaphysical and philosophical implications, click the image to enlarge.

Furthermore, I would like to consider a possible hypothetical absurdity, the importance of the flux of neutrinos that are emitted by the S.U.G.S (Yama), I believe that in some way they can be associated with the common and personal karma of Hinduism and Buddhism, that in some way these neutrinos act with the subtlest part of our mind, like the wind acts on the sea water, not directly, but by agitating the surface and creating waves.

In addition, the gravity of the singularity and also the heavier and more massive objects in the vicinity of the eventual S.U.G.S singularity, could make the neutrino wind more undulating, agitating it more and creating a more variable karma in the lower levels of existence and greater awareness/involvement of a material and gross self, for example in the naraka, animals or pretas.

Whereas at higher levels and farther away from the central singularity, in the realms of Desire, Form and Form-Less Arūpa-loka, karma is much less variable, or even not as variable as in the realm of Form-Less Arūpa-loka.

While humans are at an intermediate level between the two previous cases, where the neutrino wind can vary from very little to very rough, creating many differences and complexities of character, situations and karma.

So one would have to study this thing in depth in meta-quantum and philosophical terms, also to understand if the influences of neutrinos on karma are only active or also passive, so if the mind of beings can also influence neutrino waves and the way in which reality is perceived, but this is a question that should be asked to an Enlightened quantum physicist.

In my own small way, I have many other things in mind to expose about it and especially about black or white holes, but I'll wait another moment.

However, these are all theories and empty talk...

Research on this subject:

AI of Brave Search in English "10 and praise".

"Toroidal Universe Theory:

The toroidal universe theory proposes that the universe has a toroidal (doughnut-like) geometry, suggesting that space-time flows dynamically in a closed loop, which could explain the observed expansion without requiring a singular beginning.

This model posits that the universe is not really expanding in a linear direction, but seems to be due to toroidal flow, which extends upwards where space-time emerges from the center and contracts downwards where it flows back in.

This cyclical process could explain why the Big Bang is not a one-off event but an ongoing phenomenon, with the universe perpetually going through creation, existence, and dissolution.

The theory tackles several cosmological puzzles. It offers an explanation for the forward directionality of time, the apparent curvature of space-time, and the irregular expansion of the universe, which is not isotropic (the same in all directions).

Evidence from the Planck satellite suggests that the universe could be "curved and closed, like a sphere inflating," a feature shared by both a torus and a hypersphere, making the toroidal model a viable alternative.

The different expansion rates observed in different directions could be a consequence of the complex geometry of the torus, rather than requiring an uneven distribution of hypothetical dark energy.

Further support for a toroidal universe comes from observing large-scale structures, such as the toroidal energy flow that extends 1.7 billion light-years between the Repeller Dipole and the Shapley Attractor, which aligns with the predicted flow patterns of a toroidal model.

Some models, such as the Hyper-Torus Universe Model (HTUM), extend this idea to higher dimensions, proposing a four-dimensional toroidal structure in which time is an emergent property resulting from causal relationships within the structure, and the universe possesses an inherent ability to observe itself, leading to the collapse of its wave function and the manifestation of classical reality.

Other frameworks suggest a central "Engine" or information-processing region at the center of the torus, where matter and energy flow through the poles and are ejected across the equator, driving a continuous cycle of expansion and rebound.

Although the standard cosmological model currently favors a flat and infinitely expanding universe based on observations, the toroidal hypothesis remains a compelling alternative, offering a unified geometric explanation for dark energy, dark matter, and the cyclic nature of the cosmos."

IN ENGLISH:

The Hyper-Torus Model Universe - A New Paradigm for Understanding the Reality of the Universe, PDF

Rather than extending to infinity and beyond, the universe may have a topology that can eventually be mapped

The Toroidal Universe

Tank you!

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